言語は、人間が用いる意志伝達手段であり、社会集団内で形成習得され、意志を相互に伝達することや、抽象的な思考を可能にし、結果として人間の社会的活動や文化的活動を支えている。
言語一覧
| 言語 | Language Native name | Language name JP | Language family | ISO 639-1 | ISO 639-2/B | ISO 639-2/T | ISO 639-3 | ISO 639-5 | Language Scope | Language Type | native speakers |
number of speakers |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| English | English | 英語 | Indo-European | en | eng | eng | eng | Individual | Living | 379,000,000 | 1,132,000,000 | |
| Mandarin Chinese | cmn | 918,000,000 | 1,116,000,000 | |||||||||
| Hindi | हिन्दी | ヒンディー語 | Indo-European | hi | hin | hin | hin | Individual | Living | 341,000,000 | 615,400,000 | |
| Spanish | español, castellano | スペイン語 | Indo-European | es | spa | spa | spa | Individual | Living | 480,000,000 | 534,300,000 | |
| French | français | フランス語 | Indo-European | fr | fre | fra | fra | Individual | Living | 77,200,000 | 279,800,000 | |
| Arabic | العَرَبِيَّة | アラビア語 | Afro-Asiatic | ar | ara | ara | ara | Macrolanguage | Living | 273,900,000 | ||
| Bengali | বাংলা | ベンガル語 | Indo-European | bn | ben | ben | ben | Individual | Living | 228,000,000 | 265,000,000 | |
| Russian | русский язык | ロシア語 | Indo-European | ru | rus | rus | rus | Individual | Living | 154,000,000 | 258,200,000 | |
| Portuguese | português | ポルトガル語 | Indo-European | pt | por | por | por | Individual | Living | 221,000,000 | 234,100,000 | |
| Indonesian | bahasa Indonesia | インドネシア語 | Austronesian | id | ind | ind | ind | Individual | Living | 43,400,000 | 198,700,000 | |
| Urdu | اُردُو | ウルドゥー語 | Indo-European | ur | urd | urd | urd | Individual | Living | 68,600,000 | 170,200,000 | |
| German | Deutsch | ドイツ語 | Indo-European | de | ger | deu | deu | Individual | Living | 76,100,000 | 132,100,000 | |
| Japanese | 日本語 | 日本語 | Japonic | ja | jpn | jpn | jpn | Individual | Living | 128,000,000 | 128,300,000 | |
| Swahili | Kiswahili | スワヒリ語 | Niger–Congo | sw | swa | swa | swa | Macrolanguage | Living | 98,300,000 | ||
| Marathi | मराठी | マラーティー語 | Indo-European | mr | mar | mar | mar | Individual | Living | 83,100,000 | 95,300,000 | |
| Telugu | తెలుగు | テルグ語 | Dravidian | te | tel | tel | tel | Individual | Living | 82,000,000 | 93,000,000 | |
| Lahnda | بھارت کا | ラフンダー語 | lah | lah | lah | Macrolanguage | Living | 92,700,000 | 92,700,000 | |||
| Wu Chinese | wuu | 81,400,000 | 81,500,000 | |||||||||
| Tamil | தமிழ் | タミル語 | Dravidian | ta | tam | tam | tam | Individual | Living | 75,000,000 | 81,000,000 | |
| Turkish | Türkçe | トルコ語 | Turkic | tr | tur | tur | tur | Individual | Living | 79,400,000 | 79,700,000 | |
| Korean | 한국어 | 朝鮮語 | Koreanic | ko | kor | kor | kor | Individual | Living | 77,300,000 | 77,200,000 | |
| Vietnamese | Tiếng Việt | ベトナム語 | Austroasiatic | vi | vie | vie | vie | Individual | Living | 76,000,000 | 76,900,000 | |
| Yue Chinese | yue | 73,100,000 | 73,500,000 | |||||||||
| Javanese | ꦧꦱꦗꦮ | ジャワ語 | Austronesian | jv | jav | jav | jav | Individual | Living | 68,300,000 | 68,200,000 | |
| Italian | italiano, lingua italiana | イタリア語 | Indo-European | it | ita | ita | ita | Individual | Living | 64,800,000 | 67,800,000 | |
| Egyptian Arabic | arz | 64,600,000 | 64,600,000 | |||||||||
| Hausa | Harshen Hausa, هَرْشَن | ハウサ語 | Afro-Asiatic | ha | hau | hau | hau | Individual | Living | 43,900,000 | 63,400,000 | |
| Thai | ภาษาไทย | タイ語 | Tai–Kadai | th | tha | tha | tha | Individual | Living | 20,700,000 | 60,600,000 | |
| Gujarati | ગુજરાતી | グジャラート語 | Indo-European | gu | guj | guj | guj | Individual | Living | 56,400,000 | 60,500,000 | |
| Kannada | ಕನ್ನಡ | カンナダ語 | Dravidian | kn | kan | kan | kan | Individual | Living | 43,600,000 | 56,400,000 | |
| Persian | فارسی | ペルシア語 | Indo-European | fa | per | fas | fas | Macrolanguage | Living | 52,700,000 | ||
| Bhojpuri | भोजपुरी | ボージュプリー語 | bho | bho | bho | Individual | Living | 52,200,000 | 52,400,000 | |||
| Filipino | Wikang Filipino | フィリピン語 | fil | fil | fil | Individual | Living | 45,000,000 | ||||
| Ayutla Mixtec | miy | |||||||||||
| Guarequena | gae | |||||||||||
| Meroitic | xmr | |||||||||||
| Anasi | bpo | |||||||||||
| Taungyo | tco | |||||||||||
| North Ndebele | siNdebele saseNyakatho | 北ンデベレ語 | Niger–Congo | nd | nde | nde | nde | Individual | Living | |||
| Anam | pda | |||||||||||
| Kemtuik | kmt | |||||||||||
| Western Maninkakan | mlq | |||||||||||
| Ghodoberi | gdo | |||||||||||
| Eastern Karaboro | xrb | |||||||||||
| Wushi | bse | |||||||||||
| Tobagonian Creole English | tgh | |||||||||||
| Scots | Braid Scots, Lallans | スコットランド語 | sco | sco | sco | Individual | Living | |||||
| Piame | pin | |||||||||||
| Korupun-Sela | kpq | |||||||||||
| Mopán Maya | mop | |||||||||||
| Giyug | giy | |||||||||||
| Kxoe | xuu | |||||||||||
| Bullom So | buy | |||||||||||
| Southern Tujia | tjs | |||||||||||
| Twi | トウィ語 | Niger–Congo | tw | twi | twi | twi | Individual | Living | ||||
| Poumei Naga | pmx | |||||||||||
| Uare | ksj | |||||||||||
| Elseng | mrf | |||||||||||
| Gofa | gof | |||||||||||
| Yukuben | ybl | |||||||||||
| Mongolia Buriat | bxm | |||||||||||
| Tamanaku | tmz | |||||||||||
| Eastern Abnaki | aaq | |||||||||||
| Porohanon | prh | |||||||||||
| Kubu | kvb | |||||||||||
| Tututepec Mixtec | mtu | |||||||||||
| Mbyá Guaraní | gun | |||||||||||
| Kua-nsi | ykn | |||||||||||
| Nivaclé | cag | |||||||||||
| Tinputz | tpz | |||||||||||
| Adamorobe Sign Language | ads | |||||||||||
| Puare | pux | |||||||||||
| Kangjia | kxs | |||||||||||
| Mwimbi-Muthambi | mws | |||||||||||
| Hajong | haj | |||||||||||
| Phupa | ypp | |||||||||||
| Cara | cfd | |||||||||||
| Tuotomb | ttf | |||||||||||
| Akha | ahk | |||||||||||
| Panao Huánuco Quechua | qxh | |||||||||||
| Laka (Nigeria) | lak | |||||||||||
| Matipuhy | mzo | |||||||||||
| Hmong Don | hmf | |||||||||||
| Yabula Yabula | yxy | |||||||||||
| Laitu Chin | clj | |||||||||||
| Tswapong | two | |||||||||||
| Alege | alf | |||||||||||
| Riang Lang | ril | |||||||||||
| Lemio | lei | |||||||||||
| Michoacán Nahuatl | ncl | |||||||||||
| Hoti | hti | |||||||||||
| Kanan | zkn | |||||||||||
| Pu-Xian Chinese | cpx | |||||||||||
| Kioko | ues | |||||||||||
| Anyin | any | |||||||||||
| Russian Sign Language | rsl | |||||||||||
| Golpa | lja | |||||||||||
| Ngando (Central African Republic) | ngd | |||||||||||
| Idaté | idt | |||||||||||
| Amatlán Zapotec | zpo |