言語は、人間が用いる意志伝達手段であり、社会集団内で形成習得され、意志を相互に伝達することや、抽象的な思考を可能にし、結果として人間の社会的活動や文化的活動を支えている。
言語一覧
| 言語 | Language Native name | Language name JP | Language family | ISO 639-1 | ISO 639-2/B | ISO 639-2/T | ISO 639-3 | ISO 639-5 | Language Scope | Language Type | native speakers |
number of speakers |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| English | English | 英語 | Indo-European | en | eng | eng | eng | Individual | Living | 379,000,000 | 1,132,000,000 | |
| Mandarin Chinese | cmn | 918,000,000 | 1,116,000,000 | |||||||||
| Hindi | हिन्दी | ヒンディー語 | Indo-European | hi | hin | hin | hin | Individual | Living | 341,000,000 | 615,400,000 | |
| Spanish | español, castellano | スペイン語 | Indo-European | es | spa | spa | spa | Individual | Living | 480,000,000 | 534,300,000 | |
| French | français | フランス語 | Indo-European | fr | fre | fra | fra | Individual | Living | 77,200,000 | 279,800,000 | |
| Arabic | العَرَبِيَّة | アラビア語 | Afro-Asiatic | ar | ara | ara | ara | Macrolanguage | Living | 273,900,000 | ||
| Bengali | বাংলা | ベンガル語 | Indo-European | bn | ben | ben | ben | Individual | Living | 228,000,000 | 265,000,000 | |
| Russian | русский язык | ロシア語 | Indo-European | ru | rus | rus | rus | Individual | Living | 154,000,000 | 258,200,000 | |
| Portuguese | português | ポルトガル語 | Indo-European | pt | por | por | por | Individual | Living | 221,000,000 | 234,100,000 | |
| Indonesian | bahasa Indonesia | インドネシア語 | Austronesian | id | ind | ind | ind | Individual | Living | 43,400,000 | 198,700,000 | |
| Urdu | اُردُو | ウルドゥー語 | Indo-European | ur | urd | urd | urd | Individual | Living | 68,600,000 | 170,200,000 | |
| German | Deutsch | ドイツ語 | Indo-European | de | ger | deu | deu | Individual | Living | 76,100,000 | 132,100,000 | |
| Japanese | 日本語 | 日本語 | Japonic | ja | jpn | jpn | jpn | Individual | Living | 128,000,000 | 128,300,000 | |
| Swahili | Kiswahili | スワヒリ語 | Niger–Congo | sw | swa | swa | swa | Macrolanguage | Living | 98,300,000 | ||
| Marathi | मराठी | マラーティー語 | Indo-European | mr | mar | mar | mar | Individual | Living | 83,100,000 | 95,300,000 | |
| Telugu | తెలుగు | テルグ語 | Dravidian | te | tel | tel | tel | Individual | Living | 82,000,000 | 93,000,000 | |
| Lahnda | بھارت کا | ラフンダー語 | lah | lah | lah | Macrolanguage | Living | 92,700,000 | 92,700,000 | |||
| Wu Chinese | wuu | 81,400,000 | 81,500,000 | |||||||||
| Tamil | தமிழ் | タミル語 | Dravidian | ta | tam | tam | tam | Individual | Living | 75,000,000 | 81,000,000 | |
| Turkish | Türkçe | トルコ語 | Turkic | tr | tur | tur | tur | Individual | Living | 79,400,000 | 79,700,000 | |
| Korean | 한국어 | 朝鮮語 | Koreanic | ko | kor | kor | kor | Individual | Living | 77,300,000 | 77,200,000 | |
| Vietnamese | Tiếng Việt | ベトナム語 | Austroasiatic | vi | vie | vie | vie | Individual | Living | 76,000,000 | 76,900,000 | |
| Yue Chinese | yue | 73,100,000 | 73,500,000 | |||||||||
| Javanese | ꦧꦱꦗꦮ | ジャワ語 | Austronesian | jv | jav | jav | jav | Individual | Living | 68,300,000 | 68,200,000 | |
| Italian | italiano, lingua italiana | イタリア語 | Indo-European | it | ita | ita | ita | Individual | Living | 64,800,000 | 67,800,000 | |
| Egyptian Arabic | arz | 64,600,000 | 64,600,000 | |||||||||
| Hausa | Harshen Hausa, هَرْشَن | ハウサ語 | Afro-Asiatic | ha | hau | hau | hau | Individual | Living | 43,900,000 | 63,400,000 | |
| Thai | ภาษาไทย | タイ語 | Tai–Kadai | th | tha | tha | tha | Individual | Living | 20,700,000 | 60,600,000 | |
| Gujarati | ગુજરાતી | グジャラート語 | Indo-European | gu | guj | guj | guj | Individual | Living | 56,400,000 | 60,500,000 | |
| Kannada | ಕನ್ನಡ | カンナダ語 | Dravidian | kn | kan | kan | kan | Individual | Living | 43,600,000 | 56,400,000 | |
| Persian | فارسی | ペルシア語 | Indo-European | fa | per | fas | fas | Macrolanguage | Living | 52,700,000 | ||
| Bhojpuri | भोजपुरी | ボージュプリー語 | bho | bho | bho | Individual | Living | 52,200,000 | 52,400,000 | |||
| Filipino | Wikang Filipino | フィリピン語 | fil | fil | fil | Individual | Living | 45,000,000 | ||||
| Fali | fli | |||||||||||
| Mbara (Chad) | mpk | |||||||||||
| Batanga | bnm | |||||||||||
| Boro (Ghana) | xxb | |||||||||||
| Teanu | tkw | |||||||||||
| Lower Sorbian | Dolnoserbski, Dolnoserbšćina | 低地ソルブ語 | dsb | dsb | dsb | Individual | Living | |||||
| Kohin | kkx | |||||||||||
| Pana (Burkina Faso) | pnq | |||||||||||
| West Central Oromo | gaz | |||||||||||
| Mandaya | mry | |||||||||||
| Baima | bqh | |||||||||||
| Yeni | yei | |||||||||||
| Tay Khang | tnu | |||||||||||
| Nyamwezi | ニャムウェジ語 | nym | nym | nym | Individual | Living | ||||||
| Kanamarí | knm | |||||||||||
| Central Malay | pse | |||||||||||
| Geme | geq | |||||||||||
| Eastern Xiangxi Miao | muq | |||||||||||
| Baiso | bsw | |||||||||||
| Yambes | ymb | |||||||||||
| Lishán Didán | trg | |||||||||||
| Slovak | slovenčina, slovenský jazyk | スロバキア語 | Indo-European | sk | slo | slk | slk | Individual | Living | |||
| Koitabu | kqi | |||||||||||
| Pyen | pyy | |||||||||||
| Gula Iro | glj | |||||||||||
| Meramera | mxm | |||||||||||
| Birri | bvq | |||||||||||
| Nisi (China) | yso | |||||||||||
| Sikaritai | tty | |||||||||||
| Western Frisian | Frysk | 西フリジア語 | Indo-European | fy | fry | fry | fry | Individual | Living | |||
| Kambaata | ktb | |||||||||||
| Rabha | rah | |||||||||||
| Taiap | gpn | |||||||||||
| Nalu | naj | |||||||||||
| Bhujel | byh | |||||||||||
| Miahuatlán Zapotec | zam | |||||||||||
| West Tarangan | txn | |||||||||||
| Abanyom | abm | |||||||||||
| Yinbaw Karen | kvu | |||||||||||
| Carpathian Romani | rmc | |||||||||||
| Kuku-Yalanji | gvn | |||||||||||
| Samba Leko | ndi | |||||||||||
| Carijona | cbd | |||||||||||
| Marti Ke | zmg | |||||||||||
| Ukpe-Bayobiri | ukp | |||||||||||
| Ambakich | aew | |||||||||||
| Kalapuya | kyl | |||||||||||
| Lanas Lobu | ruu | |||||||||||
| Andaman Creole Hindi | hca | |||||||||||
| Ngwaba | ngw | |||||||||||
| Cia-Cia | cia | |||||||||||
| Mairasi | zrs | |||||||||||
| Uru-Eu-Wau-Wau | urz | |||||||||||
| Lishanid Noshan | aij | |||||||||||
| Ladakhi | lbj | |||||||||||
| Hyolmo | scp | |||||||||||
| Mina (Cameroon) | hna | |||||||||||
| Njyem | njy | |||||||||||
| Camtho | cmt | |||||||||||
| North Germanic languages | gmq | |||||||||||
| Kulisusu | vkl | |||||||||||
| Amanayé | ama | |||||||||||
| Lungga | lga | |||||||||||
| Sangkong | sgk | |||||||||||
| Tsat | huq | |||||||||||
| Ngamini | nmv | |||||||||||
| Seselwa Creole French | crs |