言語は、人間が用いる意志伝達手段であり、社会集団内で形成習得され、意志を相互に伝達することや、抽象的な思考を可能にし、結果として人間の社会的活動や文化的活動を支えている。
言語一覧
| 言語 | Language Native name | Language name JP | Language family | ISO 639-1 | ISO 639-2/B | ISO 639-2/T | ISO 639-3 | ISO 639-5 | Language Scope | Language Type | native speakers |
number of speakers |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| English | English | 英語 | Indo-European | en | eng | eng | eng | Individual | Living | 379,000,000 | 1,132,000,000 | |
| Mandarin Chinese | cmn | 918,000,000 | 1,116,000,000 | |||||||||
| Hindi | हिन्दी | ヒンディー語 | Indo-European | hi | hin | hin | hin | Individual | Living | 341,000,000 | 615,400,000 | |
| Spanish | español, castellano | スペイン語 | Indo-European | es | spa | spa | spa | Individual | Living | 480,000,000 | 534,300,000 | |
| French | français | フランス語 | Indo-European | fr | fre | fra | fra | Individual | Living | 77,200,000 | 279,800,000 | |
| Arabic | العَرَبِيَّة | アラビア語 | Afro-Asiatic | ar | ara | ara | ara | Macrolanguage | Living | 273,900,000 | ||
| Bengali | বাংলা | ベンガル語 | Indo-European | bn | ben | ben | ben | Individual | Living | 228,000,000 | 265,000,000 | |
| Russian | русский язык | ロシア語 | Indo-European | ru | rus | rus | rus | Individual | Living | 154,000,000 | 258,200,000 | |
| Portuguese | português | ポルトガル語 | Indo-European | pt | por | por | por | Individual | Living | 221,000,000 | 234,100,000 | |
| Indonesian | bahasa Indonesia | インドネシア語 | Austronesian | id | ind | ind | ind | Individual | Living | 43,400,000 | 198,700,000 | |
| Urdu | اُردُو | ウルドゥー語 | Indo-European | ur | urd | urd | urd | Individual | Living | 68,600,000 | 170,200,000 | |
| German | Deutsch | ドイツ語 | Indo-European | de | ger | deu | deu | Individual | Living | 76,100,000 | 132,100,000 | |
| Japanese | 日本語 | 日本語 | Japonic | ja | jpn | jpn | jpn | Individual | Living | 128,000,000 | 128,300,000 | |
| Swahili | Kiswahili | スワヒリ語 | Niger–Congo | sw | swa | swa | swa | Macrolanguage | Living | 98,300,000 | ||
| Marathi | मराठी | マラーティー語 | Indo-European | mr | mar | mar | mar | Individual | Living | 83,100,000 | 95,300,000 | |
| Telugu | తెలుగు | テルグ語 | Dravidian | te | tel | tel | tel | Individual | Living | 82,000,000 | 93,000,000 | |
| Lahnda | بھارت کا | ラフンダー語 | lah | lah | lah | Macrolanguage | Living | 92,700,000 | 92,700,000 | |||
| Wu Chinese | wuu | 81,400,000 | 81,500,000 | |||||||||
| Tamil | தமிழ் | タミル語 | Dravidian | ta | tam | tam | tam | Individual | Living | 75,000,000 | 81,000,000 | |
| Turkish | Türkçe | トルコ語 | Turkic | tr | tur | tur | tur | Individual | Living | 79,400,000 | 79,700,000 | |
| Korean | 한국어 | 朝鮮語 | Koreanic | ko | kor | kor | kor | Individual | Living | 77,300,000 | 77,200,000 | |
| Vietnamese | Tiếng Việt | ベトナム語 | Austroasiatic | vi | vie | vie | vie | Individual | Living | 76,000,000 | 76,900,000 | |
| Yue Chinese | yue | 73,100,000 | 73,500,000 | |||||||||
| Javanese | ꦧꦱꦗꦮ | ジャワ語 | Austronesian | jv | jav | jav | jav | Individual | Living | 68,300,000 | 68,200,000 | |
| Italian | italiano, lingua italiana | イタリア語 | Indo-European | it | ita | ita | ita | Individual | Living | 64,800,000 | 67,800,000 | |
| Egyptian Arabic | arz | 64,600,000 | 64,600,000 | |||||||||
| Hausa | Harshen Hausa, هَرْشَن | ハウサ語 | Afro-Asiatic | ha | hau | hau | hau | Individual | Living | 43,900,000 | 63,400,000 | |
| Thai | ภาษาไทย | タイ語 | Tai–Kadai | th | tha | tha | tha | Individual | Living | 20,700,000 | 60,600,000 | |
| Gujarati | ગુજરાતી | グジャラート語 | Indo-European | gu | guj | guj | guj | Individual | Living | 56,400,000 | 60,500,000 | |
| Kannada | ಕನ್ನಡ | カンナダ語 | Dravidian | kn | kan | kan | kan | Individual | Living | 43,600,000 | 56,400,000 | |
| Persian | فارسی | ペルシア語 | Indo-European | fa | per | fas | fas | Macrolanguage | Living | 52,700,000 | ||
| Bhojpuri | भोजपुरी | ボージュプリー語 | bho | bho | bho | Individual | Living | 52,200,000 | 52,400,000 | |||
| Filipino | Wikang Filipino | フィリピン語 | fil | fil | fil | Individual | Living | 45,000,000 | ||||
| Trieng | stg | |||||||||||
| Apurinã | apu | |||||||||||
| Sankaran Maninka | msc | |||||||||||
| Kui (Indonesia) | kvd | |||||||||||
| Hlersu | hle | |||||||||||
| North American Indian languages | 北米インディアン諸語 | nai | nai | nai | Collective | |||||||
| Coatlán Zapotec | zps | |||||||||||
| Tumtum | tbr | |||||||||||
| Aruop | lsr | |||||||||||
| Sawila | swt | |||||||||||
| Kur | kuv | |||||||||||
| Humburi Senni Songhay | hmb | |||||||||||
| Northern Muji | ymx | |||||||||||
| Cutchi-Swahili | ccl | |||||||||||
| Mamvu | mdi | |||||||||||
| Ubi | ubi | |||||||||||
| Auye | auu | |||||||||||
| Sensi | sni | |||||||||||
| Kwerba | kwe | |||||||||||
| Ihievbe | ihi | |||||||||||
| Nubi | kcn | |||||||||||
| Darlong | dln | |||||||||||
| Manya | mzj | |||||||||||
| Unubahe | unu | |||||||||||
| Bactrian | xbc | |||||||||||
| Sholaga | sle | |||||||||||
| Lakondê | lkd | |||||||||||
| Inuktitut | ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ | イヌクティトゥット語 | Eskimo–Aleut | iu | iku | iku | iku | Macrolanguage | Living | |||
| Nyikina | nyh | |||||||||||
| Dhudhuroa | ddr | |||||||||||
| Marshallese | Kajin M̧ajeļ | マーシャル語 | Austronesian | mh | mah | mah | mah | Individual | Living | |||
| Vaghat-Ya-Bijim-Legeri | bij | |||||||||||
| Balaesang | bls | |||||||||||
| Simeku | smz | |||||||||||
| Lasi | lss | |||||||||||
| Iwur | iwo | |||||||||||
| Old Breton | obt | |||||||||||
| Dolgan | dlg | |||||||||||
| Mayi-Kulan | xyk | |||||||||||
| Vwanji | wbi | |||||||||||
| Banjar | bjn | |||||||||||
| Soli | sby | |||||||||||
| Lepontic | xlp | |||||||||||
| Jerung | jee | |||||||||||
| Ontong Java | ojv | |||||||||||
| Duupa | dae | |||||||||||
| Mehek | nux | |||||||||||
| Wambon | wms | |||||||||||
| Batak Angkola | akb | |||||||||||
| Southeast Tasmanian | xpf | |||||||||||
| Lisu | lis | |||||||||||
| Kaang Chin | ckn | |||||||||||
| Pacific Gulf Yupik | ems | |||||||||||
| Eastern Maninkakan | emk | |||||||||||
| Middle Armenian | axm | |||||||||||
| Wasco-Wishram | wac | |||||||||||
| Bembe | bmb | |||||||||||
| Southern Sama | ssb | |||||||||||
| Loup B | xlb | |||||||||||
| Kakanda | kka | |||||||||||
| Paniya | pcg | |||||||||||
| Elkei | elk | |||||||||||
| Miu | mpo | |||||||||||
| Western Bukidnon Manobo | mbb | |||||||||||
| Biem | bmc | |||||||||||
| Suena | sue | |||||||||||
| Ma (Democratic Republic of Congo) | msj |