言語は、人間が用いる意志伝達手段であり、社会集団内で形成習得され、意志を相互に伝達することや、抽象的な思考を可能にし、結果として人間の社会的活動や文化的活動を支えている。
言語一覧
| 言語 | Language Native name | Language name JP | Language family | ISO 639-1 | ISO 639-2/B | ISO 639-2/T | ISO 639-3 | ISO 639-5 | Language Scope | Language Type | native speakers |
number of speakers |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| English | English | 英語 | Indo-European | en | eng | eng | eng | Individual | Living | 379,000,000 | 1,132,000,000 | |
| Mandarin Chinese | cmn | 918,000,000 | 1,116,000,000 | |||||||||
| Hindi | हिन्दी | ヒンディー語 | Indo-European | hi | hin | hin | hin | Individual | Living | 341,000,000 | 615,400,000 | |
| Spanish | español, castellano | スペイン語 | Indo-European | es | spa | spa | spa | Individual | Living | 480,000,000 | 534,300,000 | |
| French | français | フランス語 | Indo-European | fr | fre | fra | fra | Individual | Living | 77,200,000 | 279,800,000 | |
| Arabic | العَرَبِيَّة | アラビア語 | Afro-Asiatic | ar | ara | ara | ara | Macrolanguage | Living | 273,900,000 | ||
| Bengali | বাংলা | ベンガル語 | Indo-European | bn | ben | ben | ben | Individual | Living | 228,000,000 | 265,000,000 | |
| Russian | русский язык | ロシア語 | Indo-European | ru | rus | rus | rus | Individual | Living | 154,000,000 | 258,200,000 | |
| Portuguese | português | ポルトガル語 | Indo-European | pt | por | por | por | Individual | Living | 221,000,000 | 234,100,000 | |
| Indonesian | bahasa Indonesia | インドネシア語 | Austronesian | id | ind | ind | ind | Individual | Living | 43,400,000 | 198,700,000 | |
| Urdu | اُردُو | ウルドゥー語 | Indo-European | ur | urd | urd | urd | Individual | Living | 68,600,000 | 170,200,000 | |
| German | Deutsch | ドイツ語 | Indo-European | de | ger | deu | deu | Individual | Living | 76,100,000 | 132,100,000 | |
| Japanese | 日本語 | 日本語 | Japonic | ja | jpn | jpn | jpn | Individual | Living | 128,000,000 | 128,300,000 | |
| Swahili | Kiswahili | スワヒリ語 | Niger–Congo | sw | swa | swa | swa | Macrolanguage | Living | 98,300,000 | ||
| Marathi | मराठी | マラーティー語 | Indo-European | mr | mar | mar | mar | Individual | Living | 83,100,000 | 95,300,000 | |
| Telugu | తెలుగు | テルグ語 | Dravidian | te | tel | tel | tel | Individual | Living | 82,000,000 | 93,000,000 | |
| Lahnda | بھارت کا | ラフンダー語 | lah | lah | lah | Macrolanguage | Living | 92,700,000 | 92,700,000 | |||
| Wu Chinese | wuu | 81,400,000 | 81,500,000 | |||||||||
| Tamil | தமிழ் | タミル語 | Dravidian | ta | tam | tam | tam | Individual | Living | 75,000,000 | 81,000,000 | |
| Turkish | Türkçe | トルコ語 | Turkic | tr | tur | tur | tur | Individual | Living | 79,400,000 | 79,700,000 | |
| Korean | 한국어 | 朝鮮語 | Koreanic | ko | kor | kor | kor | Individual | Living | 77,300,000 | 77,200,000 | |
| Vietnamese | Tiếng Việt | ベトナム語 | Austroasiatic | vi | vie | vie | vie | Individual | Living | 76,000,000 | 76,900,000 | |
| Yue Chinese | yue | 73,100,000 | 73,500,000 | |||||||||
| Javanese | ꦧꦱꦗꦮ | ジャワ語 | Austronesian | jv | jav | jav | jav | Individual | Living | 68,300,000 | 68,200,000 | |
| Italian | italiano, lingua italiana | イタリア語 | Indo-European | it | ita | ita | ita | Individual | Living | 64,800,000 | 67,800,000 | |
| Egyptian Arabic | arz | 64,600,000 | 64,600,000 | |||||||||
| Hausa | Harshen Hausa, هَرْشَن | ハウサ語 | Afro-Asiatic | ha | hau | hau | hau | Individual | Living | 43,900,000 | 63,400,000 | |
| Thai | ภาษาไทย | タイ語 | Tai–Kadai | th | tha | tha | tha | Individual | Living | 20,700,000 | 60,600,000 | |
| Gujarati | ગુજરાતી | グジャラート語 | Indo-European | gu | guj | guj | guj | Individual | Living | 56,400,000 | 60,500,000 | |
| Kannada | ಕನ್ನಡ | カンナダ語 | Dravidian | kn | kan | kan | kan | Individual | Living | 43,600,000 | 56,400,000 | |
| Persian | فارسی | ペルシア語 | Indo-European | fa | per | fas | fas | Macrolanguage | Living | 52,700,000 | ||
| Bhojpuri | भोजपुरी | ボージュプリー語 | bho | bho | bho | Individual | Living | 52,200,000 | 52,400,000 | |||
| Filipino | Wikang Filipino | フィリピン語 | fil | fil | fil | Individual | Living | 45,000,000 | ||||
| Inari Sami | anarâškielâ | イナリ・サーミ語 | smn | smn | smn | Individual | Living | |||||
| Mpumpong | mgg | |||||||||||
| Iberian | xib | |||||||||||
| Karagas | kim | |||||||||||
| Solomon Islands Sign Language | szs | |||||||||||
| Fe'fe' | fmp | |||||||||||
| Butmas-Tur | bnr | |||||||||||
| Tagargrent | oua | |||||||||||
| Lule Sami | julevsámegiella | ルレ・サーミ語 | smj | smj | smj | Individual | Living | |||||
| Coatzospan Mixtec | miz | |||||||||||
| Moroccan Sign Language | xms | |||||||||||
| Kolbila | klc | |||||||||||
| Tawr Chin | tcp | |||||||||||
| Gbanziri | gbg | |||||||||||
| Wumboko | bqm | |||||||||||
| Pennsylvania German | pdc | |||||||||||
| Old Aramaic | 公用アラム語 | arc | arc | arc | Individual | Ancient | ||||||
| Vame | mlr | |||||||||||
| Gundungurra | xrd | |||||||||||
| Kaningra | knr | |||||||||||
| Lawunuia | tgi | |||||||||||
| Enya | gey | |||||||||||
| Batak Dairi | btd | |||||||||||
| Piapoco | pio | |||||||||||
| Sorbian languages | Serbsce / Serbski | ソルブ語 | wen | wen | wen | Collective | ||||||
| Mor (Bomberai Peninsula) | moq | |||||||||||
| Venetic | xve | |||||||||||
| Kaonde | kqn | |||||||||||
| Tjurruru | tju | |||||||||||
| Gula (Chad) | glu | |||||||||||
| Boga | bvw | |||||||||||
| Papuan Malay | pmy | |||||||||||
| Yao | ヤオ語 | yao | yao | yao | Individual | Living | ||||||
| Mising | mrg | |||||||||||
| Yaben | ybm | |||||||||||
| Kalkutung | ktg | |||||||||||
| Tacana | tna | |||||||||||
| Qau | gqu | |||||||||||
| Bidjara | bym | |||||||||||
| Paicî | pri | |||||||||||
| Abron | abr | |||||||||||
| Asaro'o | mtv | |||||||||||
| Yasa | yko | |||||||||||
| Tsakwambo | kvz | |||||||||||
| Tembé | tqb | |||||||||||
| Guyani | gvy | |||||||||||
| Bualkhaw Chin | cbl | |||||||||||
| Purisimeño | puy | |||||||||||
| Putukwam | afe | |||||||||||
| Moken | mwt | |||||||||||
| Phuza | ypz | |||||||||||
| Kenga | kyq | |||||||||||
| Tutong | ttg | |||||||||||
| Northern Qiandong Miao | hea | |||||||||||
| Chinali | cih | |||||||||||
| Salasaca Highland Quichua | qxl | |||||||||||
| Burumakok | aip | |||||||||||
| Movima | mzp | |||||||||||
| Yir Yoront | yyr | |||||||||||
| Laven | lbo | |||||||||||
| Ere | twp | |||||||||||
| Hmong Njua | hnj | |||||||||||
| Hakha Chin | cnh | |||||||||||
| Nyaturu | rim | |||||||||||
| Amurdak | amg | |||||||||||
| Nambo | ncm | |||||||||||
| Kott | zko |